NEET 2027 cheat sheet for Botany! 📱 Practice 1 Lakh+ PYQs on ExamBhai.com! - Free Study Material

NEET 2027 Botany Master Cheat Sheet

Botany forms 50% of the NEET Biology paper, demanding absolute clarity in structural morphology, metabolic pathways, and reproductive mechanisms. Below is the essential chapter-wise breakdown of foundational concepts, core formulas, and critical ratios required for rapid revision.

1. Plant Kingdom & Morphology

• Algae Classification: Chlorophyceae (chlorophyll a, b; starch storage), Phaeophyceae (chlorophyll a, c, fucoxanthin; laminarin/mannitol storage), Rhodophyceae (chlorophyll a, d, phycoerythrin; floridean starch storage).
• Floral Formula & Symmetry: Actinomorphic (\(\oplus\)), Zygomorphic (\(\%\)). Superior ovary is denoted as \(\underline{G}\), while inferior ovary is \(\overline{G}\).
• Placentation Types: Marginal (Pea), Axile (China rose, Tomato), Parietal (Mustard), Free central (Dianthus), Basal (Sunflower).

2. Plant Physiology & Photosynthesis

• Water Potential Equation: Expressed as \(\psi_w = \psi_s + \psi_p\), where \(\psi_s\) is solute potential (always negative) and \(\psi_p\) is pressure potential.
• Photosynthetic Ratios: \(C_3\) plants consume 3 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of NADPH per \(CO_2\) fixed. \(C_4\) plants require 5 ATP and 2 NADPH per \(CO_2\) fixed.
• Net ATP Yield in Aerobic Respiration: Complete oxidation of one glucose molecule yields \(36\) to \(38\) ATP molecules via glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and the electron transport system.

3. Cell Division & Genetics

• Meiotic Division Formula: To form \(N\) seeds/grains, the required number of meiotic divisions is given by \(N + \bigl( \frac{N}{4} \bigr)\).
• Mendelian Dihybrid Ratio: Phenotypic ratio is \(9:3:3:1\); Genotypic ratio is \(1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1\).
• Recombination Frequency: \(\text{RF} = \bigl( \frac{\text{Number of Recombinants}}{\text{Total Progeny}} \bigr) \times 100\).

4. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

• Double Fertilization: Consists of Syngamy (Egg cell + Male gamete \(\to\) Zygote \([2n]\)) and Triple Fusion (Polar nuclei + Male gamete \(\to\) Primary Endosperm Nucleus \([3n]\)).